Download pdf fundamental and applied aspects of nonionizing radiation paperback authored by released at 2012 filesize. Mh, 19 may 2000, hiroshima, japan nonionizing ionizing radiofrequency fields optical radiation static fields low frequency high frequency microwave ir light uv radiation. Our paper deals with three different aspects of biological effects of nonionizing radiation, bioelectromagnetism, electromagnetobiology and electromagnetic bioinformation. Ionizing radiation is a form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of materials that include air, water, and living tissue. Nonionizing radiation is described as a series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light. Nonionizing radiation nir refers to electromagnetic radiation with insufficient energy to release a bound electron from an atom. Its effect is generally limited to generating light or heat. Overview of effects and protection of nonionizing radiation maila hietanen, professor finnish institute of occupational health helsinki, finland. In conclusion, concerns about harmful effects of non ionizing radiations are real and calls for caution irrespective of reports to the contrary. Exposure to radiation causes damage to living tissue. During early history biophysics and bioengineering were primarily concerned with ionizing radiation bioeffects and electrophysiology. Nonionizing radiation sources include power lines, microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light and lasers. Radiation is a type of energy that is everywhere anytime.
Ionizing radiation by general definition ionizing radiation is characterized by its ability to excite and ionize atoms of matter lowest atomic ionization energy is ev, with very little penetration energies relevant to radiological physics and radiation therapy are in kev mev range types and sources of ionizing radiation. Introduction to the measurement of non ionizing radiation. Transmission is in the form of waves but waveparticle duality under quantum physics. Nonionizing radiation refers to radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons. Ionizing radiation includes the more energetic end of the electromagnetic spectrum xrays and gamma rays and subatomic particles, such as. Collection of the guidelines on limiting exposure to nonionizing radiation and statements on special applications. Mar 21, 2019 a form of radiation, which includes alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, xrays, neutrons, highspeed electrons, highspeed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. Ionizing radiation includes the more energetic end of the electromagnetic spectrum and subatomic particles. In low levels, these effects are either very, very small compared to natural incidences or nonexistent depending on the biological model used for estimating the potential. It includes electric and magnetic fields, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, and visible radiation. Nonionizing radiation understanding medical radiation. Ionizing radiation, flow of energy in the form of atomic and subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that is capable of freeing electrons from an atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionized.
Protecting consumers against the risks of ionising and non. Nonionizing radiation nir permeates the world around us and exists in many forms on the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to nearultraviolet. Sep 05, 2017 difference between ionizing and nonionizing radiation september 5, 2017, 1. Ionizing radiation in very high levels is known to increase the incidence of cancer, birth anomalies, erythema, and other problems. Proceedings of the international conference on non ionizing radiation at uniten icnir2003 electromagnetic fields and our health 20th n 22 d october 2003 2 introduction non ionizing radiations nir encompass the long wavelength 100 nm, low photon energy ionizing radiation safety program,the university of washington uw responds to a wide range of non ionizing radiation nir concerns. The california code of regulations ccr, title 8, section 5085, subchapter 7, group 14, article 104 nonionizing radiation establishes mpe maximum permissible exposure values for frequencies between 3 mhz and 300 ghz. Nonionizing radiations electromagnetic waves consist of electric and magnetic waves travelling together. Non ionizing radiation nir refers to electromagnetic radiation that does not have sufficient energy to ionize remove electrons from atoms or molecules. Introduction ionizing radiation types and sources of. It is on the right side of the electromagnetic spectrum in the figure below. We receive an unwanted exposure of non ionizing radiations on a daily basis from variety of consumer products. Nonionizing radiation program, in an anechoic chamber, a room designed to completely absorb reflections of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. The non ionizing radiation nir safety program is designed to help protect employees, students and the general public from the harmful effects of non ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation ionising radiation is radiation, traveling as a particle or electromagnetic wave, that carries sufficient energy to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing an atom or a molecule. In 1984, the new jersey commission on radiation protection promulgated n. Non ionizing radiation includes the spectrum of ultraviolet uv, visible light, infrared ir, microwave mw, radio frequency rf, and extremely low frequency elf. Non ionizing radiation, harmful effects, magnetotherapy, exposure standards. Both ultrasonography imaging and mri form images using nonionizing radiation. The nir spectrum is divided into two main regions, optical radiations and electromagnetic fields. For example, at one time, assistants in shoe shops used xrays to check a childs shoe size, but this practice was halted when the risks of ionizing radiation were better understood. Examples of this kind of radiation are sound waves, visible light, and microwaves. Ionizing radiation, like heat and light, is a form of energy. Radiation, non ionizing non ionizing radiation is the term given to radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where there is insufficient energy to cause ionization. Nonionizing radiations sources, biological effects, emissions. Non ionizing radiation nir permeates the world around us and exists in many forms on the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to nearultraviolet radiation.
Thermal effects occur in tissues with the absorption of ultrasonic energy, while cavitation i. Non ionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation and includes forms such as microwaves or radio and television waves. Review of health effects of nonionizing radiations. Common sources of exposure to nonionizing radiation include mobile phones and towers.
Nonionizing radiation is longer wavelengthlower frequency lower energy. Federal laws applicable to non ionizing radiation and serves to. However with the development of technology, particularly in relation to work activities, this exposure has. In 2011, the international agency for research on cancer iarc from the world health organization who released a statement adding rf electromagnetic fields including microwave and millimetre waves to their list of things which are possibly carcinogenic to. Although considered less dangerous than ionizing radiation, overexposure to non ionizing radiation can cause health issues. Ionizing and non ionizing radiation study guide radiation energy emitted from a body or source that is transmitted through an intervening medium or space and absorbed by another body. Nonionizing radiation nir permeates the world around us and exists in many forms on the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to nearultraviolet radiation. High doses of ionizing radiation can lead to various effects, such as skin burns, hair loss, birth defects, illness, cancer, and death. Army public health command at aberdeen proving ground, md. Protecting consumers against the risks of ionising and nonionising radiation. Five types or sources of ionizing radiation are listed in the report on carcinogens as known to be human carcinogens, in four separate listings. Nonionizing radiation includes the spectrum of ultraviolet uv, visible light, infrared ir, microwave mw, radio frequency rf, and extremely low frequency elf. Instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, non ionizing electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation. Reported biological effects from nonionizing radiofrequency rf radiation low level rf radiation health concern.
The challenge of nonionizing radiation duke law scholarship. At very high doses, ionizing radiation can cause illness or death. Manmade sources of nonionizing radiation include electrical, electronic and communication appliances that abound in. There is need, therefore, to increase public awareness on the dangers of non ionizing radiations. Biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. As an independent nonprofit organization, the international commission on non ionizing radiation protection icnirp provides scientific advice and guidance. Most of it occurs naturally and some is produced by human activities. It includes particles and rays given off by radioactive material, stars, and highvoltage equipment. General approach to protection against nonionizing radiation. The nonionizing radiation nir contains large range of wavelengths and frequencies from vacuum ultraviolet. Firstly, we describe how emf and photons can be produced within a living cell, how biological cycles are controlled, and what are the features of endogenous electromagnetic. Maintain records of occupational radiation exposures as measured by personnel monitoring dosimeters and bioassay determinations, records of radiation surveys, and records of the disposition of all radioisotopes and radiation producing machines in the university.
Ionizing radiation can be classified into two categories. Overview of effects and protection of nonionizing radiation. Nir includes the following categories of radiation. Non ionizing or nonionising radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum photon energy to ionize atoms or moleculesthat is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
Ionizing radiation is made up of energetic subatomic particles, ions or atoms moving at high speeds usually greater than 1% of the speed of light, and electromagnetic. Nonionizing radiation is the term given to radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where there is insufficient energy to cause ionization. Compared to non ionizing radiation, such as radio or microwaves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation is considerably more energetic. Nonionizing radiation safety manual environment, health. Nonionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation and includes forms such as microwaves or radio and television waves. Ionizing radiation has many industrial, military, and medical uses. The benefts of nonionizing radiation use sources of. Dec 07, 2015 radiation exists all around us, from both natural and manmade sources, and is in two forms. Nonionizing radiations sources, biological effects. Nonionizing radiation an overview sciencedirect topics.
It is widely known that the risks associated with exposures to ionizing radiation are significantly greater than comparable exposures to nonionizing radiation. Lets take a look at some examples of non ionizing radiation and the safety issues surrounding them. Pdf nonionizing radiation electromagnetic fields and. Radiation is classified as being either non ionizing or ionizing. Scientists receive patents for a food preservative process that uses ionizing radiation to kill bacteria in food. Although considered less dangerous than ionizing radiation, overexposure to nonionizing radiation can cause health issues. However, ionizing radiation from certain levels produces molecular damage that can lead to very serious health problems, such as dna damage, cancer, and reproductive defects ranging from miscarriages to birth defects and diseases. Iarc, 2000 and volume 78 ionizing radiation, part 2. Radiation is further classified into two forms ionizing radiation and nonionizing radiation. Non ionizing radiation can produce non mutagenic effects such as inciting thermal energy in biological tissue that can lead to burns. Fundamental and applied aspects of nonionizing radiation. Nonionizing radiation nonionizing radiation nir refers to radiative energy that, instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, has sufficient energy only for excitation.
Nonionizing radiation nonionizing radiation refers to radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons. In decreasing order of wavelengths, they are classified into ultra long electromagnetic waves, radio waves, micro waves, infrared waves and visible rays. Iarc, 2002, and the fourth and last in a series on physical agents, after volume 75 ionizing radiation, part 1. It was established that the thematic priorities for the period. Non ionizing radiation is described as a series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light. Registration of rf and microwave heaters, sealers and industrial ovens. Annual effective doses to adults from natural sources of radiation msv.
Data are from world health organization, international agency for research on cancer, ionizing radiation, part 1. Nonionizing radiation and health army public health center. The following studies indicate biological effects at cell phone rf radiation exposure levels which are far below what can be explained by thermal effects, and well within the range people are commonly exposed to every day on their cell phones. While most uv radiation is non ionizing, radiation of higher frequency and higher energy is more powerful, and thus can be considered ionizing. Primary sources of such radiation are visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, cosmic rays from outer space and the human bodys natural radioactivity 18. Jun 29, 20 nonionizing radiation nonionizing radiation nir refers to radiative energy that, instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, has sufficient energy only for excitation. Basic information about cfc zcreated only recently but making a major contribution zits members contribute the value added. Radiation exists all around us, from both natural and manmade sources, and is in two forms. In recent years there has been an increase in devices that use or emit non ionizing radiation.
In other words, it is assumed that no radiation exposure is completely risk free. Ionizing radiation fact book alabama department of. Ionizing radiation has many practical uses in medicine, research and construction, but presents a health hazard if used improperly. Difference between ionizing and non ionizing radiation. A form of radiation, which includes alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, xrays, neutrons, highspeed electrons, highspeed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. Unlike ionizing radiation, nonionizing radiation does not remove electrons from. The basic principle of toxicology, the dose determines poison, applies to the toxicology of ionizing radiation as well as to all other branches of toxicology. Compared to nonionizing radiation, such as radio or microwaves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation is considerably more. Its usefulness must be balanced with its hazards, a compromise that has shifted over time. This is the second volume on non ionizing radiation, after volume 80 static and extremely lowfrequency elf electric and magnetic fields. Pdf international commission on nonionizing radiation.
Fortunately, in contrast to ionizing radiation, nir lacks sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and molecules and is generally perceived as less harmful. Reported health effects from nonionizing rf radiation. Radiation is classified as being either nonionizing or ionizing. Highly energetic nonionizing radiation can also be harmful to life but generally through different mechanisms and at much higher. Dec 31, 2003 ionizing radiation can be classified into two categories. Nonionizing radiation protection icnirp presents its princi ples for protection against adverse health effects from exposure to nonionizing radiation. Questions about acute or chronic effects have subsequently become more important.
Common sources of exposure to non ionizing radiation include mobile phones and towers. Introduction ionizing radiation types and sources of ionizing. Uv radiation is generally classified as non ionizing radiation. Federal laws applicable to nonionizing radiation and serves to. Approve purchases of radiation sources authorized by the executive committee. The nonionizing part of the radiation field and electrophysiology are closely related. Health risks of exposure to nonionizing radiationmyths. Ionizing and nonionizing radiation study guide aocopm.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This program must provide employees adequate supervision, training, facilities, equipment, and supplies, for the control and assessment of nonionizing radiation hazards. Biological effects and application of nonionizing microwave. Pet positron emission tomography scans fluoroscopy ct or cat computed tomography scans xraysradiation exists all around us and is in two forms. Electromagnetic fields are present everywhere in our environment although they are invisible to the human eye. Radiation non ionizing nonionizing radiation is all around us and comes from both natural and humanmade sources. Summary of health effects of ionizing radiation appeared to have redistributed from the lungs to the bones and, given its long physical halftime t12 of 28. Nonionizing or nonionising radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that.
Health risks of exposure to nonionizing radiationmyths or sciencebased evidence. We receive an unwanted exposure of nonionizing radiations on a daily basis from variety of consumer products. Non ionizing radiation sources include power lines, microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light and lasers. Our paper deals with three different aspects of biological effects of non ionizing radiation, bioelectromagnetism, electromagnetobiology and electromagnetic bioinformation.